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Why Is the Elephant Important in Thailand?

1 Elephants are a very important part of Thailand’s history .They are Symbols of power and peace. They are strong and gentle at the same Time But many years ago they also did important work. They helped the Thai people get wood from their forests .

2 In the past , the Thai People cut down a lot of trees. In 189, the Government made a law stop this . They wanted to keep the trees in the Forest . Today the Thai people cut down only a few trees Some elephants Work in the forests to help them The forest are in the mountains Many Trucks and machines cannot go up the mountains But elephants can Men cut down the trees , and the elephant pick up the trees. Then the Elephant carry the trees to the river. The trees float down the river to Other men The men cut the trees into pieces of wood.

3 In the past , elephant trained for many years to learn how to work. Each elephant had its own trainer, or mahout . A mahouts spent his life With the same elephant Fathers wanted their sons to be mahouts, too Mahouts bought baby elephants for their sons First , the baby elephant Stayed with its mother . When the elephant was three years old , it lived With the boy the boy and the elephant grew up together. The boy took Care of the elephant. They learned a lot about each other.

4 A mahout trained , fed and took care of his elephant This was a Difficult job An elephant eats 550 pounds (250 kilos ) of plants and drinks 80 gallons (300 liters) of water every day! It trained every day for six Hours in the morning. The elephant got used to the mahout the Elephant remembered the mahout’s voice and smell It understood its Mahout’s instructions The elephant obeyed its mahout It did not obey Other mahouts the mahout trained the elephant for twenty years. At age Twenty, the elephant began to work Elephants worked for about thirty- Five years They stopped work at age fifty-five or sixty – like people

5Today , most elephants and mahouts have no work But the elephants Are still very important in Thailand . Visitors to Thailand want to see Them .The Thai people are very proud of their elephants.

Where Is the Outback?

1 About one-half of Australia is desert. This area is the outback .The Name comes from the words “ out in the back of the mountains and Cities”. The weather is very hot and dry , and the winds are strong. Sometimes there is no rain for many years. But when it rains, there is Water everywhere ! Not many people live in the outback.

2 The people in the outback have cattle or sheep farms. The farms are Called stations. The stations are very big Some stations are as big as a Small country Life is difficult because everything is far away . Sometimes It takes a day or two to driver to the next stations Towns are usually far Away , too People go to town once a week or once a month

3 The stations homes are very large because they have many purposes. They must be big so visitors can sleep there . Houses also have large Room to keep extra things Families buy a lot of food and supplies In town.

4 Life in the Outback. Is different in Other ways . People get mail once A week Children don’t go to school every day . They study with a school Called the School of the Air. The teacher and student talk to each other With a special radio. Most stations have an area for airplanes to land. It Is like the station’s own airport. Sick people call the Royal Flying Doctor Service . A doctor gives advice over the radio In an emergency the Doctor picks up the sick people in an airplane Then they

go to the Nearest hospital .

5 People in the Outback are careful when they travel .Before a farmer Travels to town ,he tells a friend . The friend knows what time the farmer Is coming . if the farmer is late his friend knows there is a problem. The Friend will look for the farmer . People must know how to do many things. They muss know how to fix their car if it breaks down. They always Carry extra gasoline, water, and parts for their car.

 6 Life in the Outback is very difficult , but it is good, too Here you are Close to nature, and there are many unusual animals. You also have a lot of freedom.

What Is Canada's Favorite Sport ?

1 Canada’s favorite sport is ice hockey. All over Canada today, men Women, boys. And girls play hockey . Hockey began in Canada. But we do Not know exactly how it began.

2 At first, hockey did not have rules. Then, in 1880, Canadian students At McGill University in Montreal made the first rule for ice hockey. These rules changed in 1911 and 1912 . the new rules had lines on the ice To make special areas. There were also six players on a team This is Similar to hockey today.

3 Ice hockey is the world’s fastest game. Players often skate thirty miles An hour They get tired quickly. Often , hockey players leave a game and Other players come in. In hockey , Players use a stick to hit a puck. A puck Is like a ball , but it is flat. It slides on the ice . It is better to use a cold Puck because it slides faster . Players put the puck in the freezer before a Game In some games, players use more than thirty pucks!

4 Hockey looks easy to play, but it isn’t easy. Players try to hit the puck Into the other team’s goal . the puck goes faster than the players. Pucks Go about one hundred miles an hour. Hockey is a dangerous game. Many Players get hurt. Today, players wear special clothes to protect their Bodies. The player near the goal wears a mask to protect his face. A Player with no mask can break his nose or teeth. In the past, there were Many players with no front teeth.

5 Professional hockey teams in Canada and the United States play in The NHL. This means the National Hockey League. The NHL started in 1917 Today the NHL has thirty teams in North America. Twenty-four of The teams are in the United States, but most of the players are Canadian In the spring , millions of people watch the final hockey game of the year On Television . The Winner gets the Stanley Cup. The Stanley Cup is the Prize for the best hockey team.

 6 People around the world pay hockey now In is popular in the Olympics. But hockey will always be Canada’s special game.

Who Are the Blue Men of the Sahara?

1 The Blue of the Sahara is a name for the Tuareg people .People Call them this name because they wear blue clothes There are between 300,000 and one million Tuareg today. They have lived in the Sahara Desert for thousands of years. It is hot, dry, and windy there Their lives Are difficult because of the desert weather and life.

2 The Tuareg do not live in one place. They move from place to pace To find water and food for their animals. The Tuareg live in groups of four Or five families .everybody help each other The men take care of the Animals The women put up the tents. The Tuareg live and sleep in the Tents. Tuareg tents are usually made of animal skins, but today some Tuareg have plastic tents.

3 The Tuareg dress in a special way The men cover their faces. The Women do not The men travel a lot in the desert . they need to protect Their faces from the dry air and sand. 4 The Tuareg men have many customs about their face They start to Cover their faces at age twenty-five. They do not cover their faces for Friends. They use black or white cloth. The cloth is five yards long they Wrap the cloth around their face and neck. You see their eyes, but you Don’t see their nose and mouth.

5 Every Tuareg man wraps his cloth in a unique way . in this way Everyone knows each other. On special occasion’s, they cover their faces With blue cloth .the blue cloth is rubs on their faces Then their faces and Faces hair are blue . the blue cloth is very expensive , so the rich Tuareg Have blue faces Rich women wear a blue shawl around their shoulders And arms. They rub the shawl on their faces They want blue faces ,too

6 Tuareg men marry women from the sam group They often marry Cousins. The Tuareg women have a lot of freedom they decide important Things about their lives . The Tuareg women have long hair and are very Beautiful . 7 Today, many Tuareg do not live in the desert . Countries around the Sahara Desert do not want groups of people going from place to place . Many Tuareg now live in towns Soon it Will be hard to find the Blue Men Of the Sahara.

How Did the Red Cross Start?

1 In 1859 , a Swiss man named Henry Dunant went to Italy. He went There on business There was a war in the town of Solferino . Dunant saw The war and the he shocked There were thousand of wounded men Nobody was there to take care of them.

2 Dunant asked the people in the town to help the wounded men Later, he wrote a book called A Memory of Slferno. He had a good idea To help people in wars. He wanted every country to have volunteers. The Volunteers take care of the wounded people in wars.

3 In 1863 , Dunant and four other Swiss men started the Red Cross A year later, twelve countries signed a paper in Geneva , Switzerland. Dunant traveled to other countries He wanted to make the Red Cross Bigger and better all over the world .

 

4 By now , Dunant was famous . But his own business had problems His business had no money . Some people in Geneva were angry because They lost money , too Dunant resigned from the Red Cross .Now he had No money and no home . He slept in the streets and had nothing to eat . For twenty years, he lived on different streets in Switzerland . In 1890, a Teacher found him in a Swiss village . the teacher told everybody that Dunant was alive. But nobody cared.

5 Dunant became very sick He went to a hospital for the poor in the Town of Heiden. Dunant stayed in the same room for eighteen years It Was Room 12 . In 1895, a journalist found him and wrote about him Then Dunant became famous again. People gave him prizes and money But Dunant stayed in Room 12

6 Dunant died in 1910 There was no funeral ceremony . He wanted Everything to be simple. Dunant gave his money to the hospital workers. He also gave money for a “free bed” in the hospital. This “ free bed” was For the poor sick people of Heiden. 7 The symbol of the Red Cross is a red cross on a white flag . It is the Reverse of the flag of Switzerland. Muslim countries have a red crescent . A crescent looks like a half-moon Today, than 170 countries are Part of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. The volunteers help people in Many ways. Everybody remembers Henry Dunant and his good idea.

Why Do People Decorate Their Bodies?

1 People decorate their bodies for many reasons. They also decorate in Different ways. Some groups of people have decorated their bodies for Thousands of years. Other people want to look attractive . Other people Want to belong to a group.

2 Some people decorate their lips, ears, and neck to be beautiful For Example, in Africa, the Surmese women wear a plate in their bottom lip. How do they do this First , a mother make a hole in her daughter’s Bottom lip. Then she stretches the lip Then she puts a small plate in it As the daughter gets older, she puts in bigger and bigger plates. Other People in Africa put plates in their ears. They want the bottom of their Ears to hang to their 

shoulders.

3 The pa Daung women in Myanmar are called “giraffe women” They Have very long necks, like giraffes . the women wear metal rings to stretch Their necks They wear more rings as they get older. Their necks become Longer. Their necks are sometimes two or three times the normal size Some Women die if they take off the rings.

4 People also decorate their teeth to be beautiful. Many Americans and Europeans like white, Straight teeth They spend a lot of money to fix and Clean their teeth . this is not true in other parts of the world. In east Africa, Some people pull out their bottom teeth They want their top teeth to stick Out in some parts of Asia, women used to paint their teeth black to look Beautiful . Today, young people do not do this In Indonesia, boys and girls File their teeth. A person with filed teeth will have a good and healthy life

5 People around the world always liked tattoos. Europeans learned About tattoos around 1770. A famous English explorer named Captain Cook went to Tahiti. He saw people there with tattoos. The Tahitian Called the decoration tatou. From this, we get the word tattoo The Tahitians taught Cook and his sailors how to make tattoos. The sailors Returned to England , and other people liked their tattoos Soon tattoos Spread to the rest of Europe. 

Many sailors still have tattoos .

6 Today many different types of people have tattoos For some people Body decorations are attractive . For other people , they are strange .

Where Do People Live Under the Ground?

1 One place where people live under the ground is a small town called Coober Pedy. Coober Pedy is in the Outback of south Australia. Most of The people in Coober Pedy are miners. Miners. Dig under the ground . They look for gold or special stones. Coober Pedy is famous for opals Opals are beautiful white stones People put opals in jewelry

2 Miners discovered opals in Coober Pedy in 1915. At that time , many Miners lived in simple holes under the ground Aboriginal people laughed At Them. The aboriginal people are the native people of Australia. They Called the area kupa piti. This means “ white man in a hole” in their

3 Today, the home are not simple holes. About four Thousand people Live in Coober Pedy About half the people live under the ground . Coober Pedy has homes, restaurants, hotels. And churches. It is like other towns. But the people don’s have a view. A new underground house with five Rooms costs about $25,000 Some home have swimming PooIs !

4 The people also of Coober Pedy live underground for different reasons. One reason is there are no trees. The last tree died in 1971. People need Wood from trees to build house The main reason why people live Underground is the very hot weather. The temperature in the summer Goes up to 122°F [ 50°C]. Underground, the temperature is 77° F[25°C]

5 People also live under the ground in the Sahara Desert in south Tunisia It is very hot and there are no trees. The people there are called Berbers. The Berbers dig deep holes in the ground . Many houses have Two the three floors, but they are simple. Air and light come through an Open hole. There are about seven hundred of these holes 6 Thousands of years ago, people hid underground in Cappadocia, Turkey. People still live there today It is the beautiful place with good Weather. In the future, more people will live under the ground They will Have different reasons japan has a lot of people and little land . Japan Want to build a city under the ground The name of the city will be Alice City . About 100,000 people will live there . It will have offices, hotels, Sports centers, and theaters . 7 Underground cities are very interesting , of course. But can people Live with no sun and no sky?

What Is Life Like in Antarctica?

1 Antarctica is like no other place in the world. It is unique. It is very big It is like the United Stated and Australia together Antarctica the coldest Place in the world. The temperature in sometimes – 125 °F (-87°C) August and September are the coldest months because there is no sun.

2 Antarctica is at the southern tip of the world. It is the highest Continent. It is 10,000 feet high Antarctica also has very strong winds. The wind sometimes blows two hundred miles an hour. It is also the driest Place in the world. Antarctica is drier than the Sahara Desert!

3 Antarctica is also empty. There are huge glaciers and ice everywhere. A glacier is an area of ice that move slowly. The ice and glaciers are Beautiful . But most plants and land animals cannot live on the ice It is Too cold . There are no trees, no rivers, and no cities in Antarctica. There Are no land animals Only penguins and other sea birds live there .

4 Antarctica dose not belong to any one country . In fact, every country Owns Antarctica . More than twenty countries have stations in Antarctica A station is a place where scientists do experiments There are separate Stations for different countries .The scientists are the only people who Live in Antarctica In all, over four thousand people live at the station. In The summer. Over one thousand live There in the winter.

5 Life on an Antarctica station is hard . It is like life on a space station The sun shines for six months, and then it is night for six month . People Usually have problems with sleeping and eating .They eat more because They are not busy . In an emergency it is hard to get help In 1999, an American doctor there named jerri Nielsen realized she was sick She had Canner. It was winter, and airplanes could not land in Antarctica. She was The only doctor there. Dr. Nielsen had no choice. She had to stay. An Airplane dropped medicine to her, and she took care of herself .Several Months later, Dr. Nielsen returned to the United States to get special Medical help.

6 Today, more and more people visit Antarctica .Ships go to Antarctica During the summer months from November to February People want to Visit this unusual place, but they don’t want to live there!

Who Is Andrew Carnegie?

1 Andrew Carnegie was born in 1835 in Scotland. He was from poor Family. When he was twelve, his family moved to the United States They Wanted a better life.

2 The Carnegie family lived in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Andrew Started to work right away He got a job in a factory He was a good Worker ,but he didn’t like the job. Later, he changed his job . He worker at The Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Everybody there liked Andrew .He Did many different jobs. His salary got higher every year.

3 In his free time, Andrew loved to read. He lived near Colonel James Anderson. Colonel Anderson was a rich man with many books. He let Young boys use his libraries. For free. In those days ,the United States did not Have free public libraries. Andrew read as much as possible . He read Throughout his Life . He always thought that reading was very important.

4 Andrew learned a lot ta the railroad company. He realized that the Railroad was very important for big countries He had an idea to start a Business with railroads. He saved all his money and opened a business He was thirty years old . 5 First, his company made bridges for the railroads. Ten years later, they Made steel. The Carnegie Steel Company became the largest company in The United States .They made steel for bridges, machines, and many other Thing . People called Carnegie the “ Steel King” Soon he was the richest Man in the world.

6 Carnegie liked to make money. But the believed it was very important To help other people . In 1901, he sold his company for $480 million. He Started to give away his money to make new libraries and colleges all Over the United States He build 2,811 libraries. Carnegie also gave a lot Of money to people who worked for peace. In 1903 he gave $ 1.5 million To build a peace Palace in the Netherlands. 

 7 Andrew Carnegie died in 1919. He was eighty – four years old During His life, he gave away nearly all of his money He gave away over $ 350 Million for education and peace. There are colleges, libraries, hospitals, And parks named after Andrew Carnegie. He has helped million of People all over the world to study and learn.